Bi-directional information exchange mechanism for collaborative network navigation among a group of user terminals

ABSTRACT

A collaborative navigation server is able to share network navigation information among a group of user terminals. The server can designate one of the user terminals as a leading terminal, so that the location information of information pages are relayed to all following terminals of the group, while a leading terminal is navigating through the information pages by using its browser. The server is also able to revoke the current leading terminal and designate a following terminal as a new leading terminal and re-designate the previous leading terminal as a following terminal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a method for getting accessto web sites via the Internet by a group of users.

It is known that users can retrieve information from World Wide Websites (or web sites) via the Internet. The basic current model forretrieving information from web sites is a user initiated informationsearching. A user uses web browser software to request a web page from aweb server software to locate the information relating to that web page.Very much like finding desired Internet bulletin boards, the personseeking information actively searches for it. One of the unique featuresof this model is the notion of “hyper-text,” or links, embedded in webpages that have been retrieved. This feature enables the person insearch for information to “navigate” from one web page to another. Thetremendous popularity of World Wide Web sites and Internet attests tothe effectiveness of this model.

However, with the current model, users at different user terminals arenot able to exchange the information retrieved from web sites with eachother via the Internet while they are individually surfing through theweb sites.

Therefore, there is a need for a method by which a group of userterminals can exchange the information retrieved from web sites witheach other while they are individually surfing through the web sites.

The present invention meets this need.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for exchanginginformation retrieved from a plurality of information repositories amonga group of terminals. The method comprising the steps of:

(A) designating one of the terminals as a leading terminal and the otherterminals as following terminals, step (A) further including the stepsof:

(a.1) locating an information section in one of said informationrepositories by said leading terminal designated in step (A);

(a.2) collecting location information of said information section;

(a.3) sending said location information to said following terminals; and

(a.4) locating said information section by said following terminalsbased on said location information; and

(B) designating another one of terminals as a leading terminal, andre-designating said leading terminal designated in step (A) as afollowing terminal, step (B) further including the steps of:

(b.1) locating an information section in one of said informationrepositories by said leading terminal designated in step (B);

(b.2) collecting location information of said information section;

(b.3) sending said location information to said following terminals; and

(b.4) locating said information section by said following terminalsbased on said location information.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for exchanginginformation retrieved from a plurality of information repositories amonga group of terminals. The method comprising the steps of:

(A) designating one of the terminals as a leading terminal and the otherterminals as following terminals, step (A) further including the stepsof:

(a.1) locating an information section in one of said informationrepositories by said leading terminal designated in step (A);

(a.2) collecting location information of said information section;

(a.3) sending said location information to said following terminals; and

(a.4) locating said information section by said following terminalsbased on said location information;

(B) receiving a request, from one of said following terminals, to be aleading terminal; and

(C) designating the following terminal that has sent said request as aleading terminal, and re-designating said leading terminal designated instep (A) as a following terminal, step (C) further including the stepsof:

(c.1) locating an information section in one of said informationrepositories by said leading terminal designated in step (C);

(c.2) collecting location information of said information section;

(c.3) sending said location information to said following terminals; and

(c.4) locating said information section by said following terminalsbased on said location information.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The purpose and advantages of the present invention will be apparent tothose skilled in the art from the following detailed description inconjunction with the appended drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary data network configuration 100, in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows two of the user terminals (102.₁, 102.₂) and web site (116)of FIG. 1 in greater detail, in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 shows two of the user terminals (102 _(1.), 102.₂) and web site(116) of FIG. 1 in greater detail, in accordance with another embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a hardware block diagram of a typical user terminal in FIG.1, in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a hardware block diagram of a computer system forsupporting web site server 116 in FIG. 1, in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 shows the steps of performing a web site collaborative navigationsession by using the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 7 shows the steps of performing a web site collaborative navigationsession by using the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 8 shows collaborative database 228 or 238 in greater detail, inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating the steps of registering sessionmembers into one or more session lists, in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating the steps of registering sessionmembers into one or more session lists, in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating the steps of registering sessionmembers into one or more session lists, in accordance with still anotherembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating the steps of exchanginginformation located from web sites among user terminals, in accordancewith still another embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 shows the specific steps of step 1218 in FIG. 12, in accordancewith the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description is presented to enable any person skilled inthe art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context ofa particular application and its requirements. Various modifications tothe preferred embodiment(s) will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to otherembodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scopeof the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to belimited to the embodiment(s) shown, but is to be accorded with thebroadest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosedherein.

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an exemplary data networkconfiguration 100, in accordance with the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the data network configuration includes a pluralityof novel user terminals (102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M)), a plurality ofconventional web sites (112.₁, 112.₂, . . . , 112._(N)), and a novel website (116) with network collaborative feature. Coupled to the pluralityof user terminals (102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M)) are plurality oftelephone sets (104.₁, 104.₂, . . . , 104._(M)), respectively.

Each of the user terminals (102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M)) has thenetwork navigation collaborative feature and can be used to get accessto the web sites (112.₁, 112.₂, . . . , 112._(N), and 116), via datanetwork 106. The users of the terminals (102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M))can orally communicate with each other by using respective telephonesets (104.₁, 104.₂, . . . , 104._(M)).

Each of the web sites (112.₁, 112.₂, . . . , 112._(N)) is able toprocess web requests from the user terminals.

In addition to processing web requests from user terminals, web site(116) with network collaborative navigation feature is able to track,synchronize web navigation, and manage a navigation session, among theuser terminals.

Referring to FIG. 2, there are shown two of the user terminals (102.₁,102.₂) and web site (116) with the network navigation collaborativefeature in greater detail, in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, user terminal 102.₁ includes four software functionblocks, namely: collaborative application program 202, web browser 204,browser synchronizer 206, and browser tracker 208. Symmetrically to userterminal 102.₁, user terminal 102.₂ also includes four software functionblocks, namely: collaborative application program 212, web browser 214,browser synchronizer 216, and browser tracker 218. Web site 116 includesfour software function blocks, namely: web site server 222,collaborative controller program 224, user graphical interface 225, andcollaborative database 228.

Collaborative application program 202 (or 212) is able to providesoftware interface for the communication between terminal 202 (or 212)and other terminals. Collaborative application program 202 (or 212) isalso able to coordinate the operations among web browser 204, browsersynchronizer 206, and browser tracker 208. Collaborative applicationprogram 202 (or 212) is further able to provide session definitions andcreate session lists.

Web browser 204 (or 214) is able to generate web page request to websites and displays web pages retrieved.

Browser synchronizer 206 (or 216) is able to perform synchronizationprocess for browser 204 (or 214). Specifically, browser synchronizer 206(or 216) receives synchronization commands and web site locationinformation from collaborative controller program 224, and requests webbrowser 204 (or 214) to display the synchronized web page.

Browser tracker 208 (or 218) is able to collect from web browser 204 (or214) the web site location information of the web page that has beennavigated by browser 202 (or 212), and send the location information tocollaborative controller program 224 via data network 106.

Web site server 222 is able to process web page requests from webbrowsers in user terminals 102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M).

Collaborative controller program 224 is able to gather sessiondefinitions and session lists from collaborative applications programsin user terminals 102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M), to gather navigationtracking information from the browser trackers in user terminals 102.₁,102.₂, . . . , 102._(M), to send navigation synchronization commands andweb site location information for desired web pages to the browsersynchronizers in user terminals 102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M), and topass the session definition and navigation tracking information intocollaborative database 228.

User graphical interface 225 is able to provide an interface between auser and collaborative controller program 224. With user graphicalinterface 225, a user can communicate with collaborative controllerprogram 224 by using display monitor 510, keyboard 524 and mouse 526.

Collaborative database 228 is able to store the session relatedinformation and navigation tracking information.

Referring to FIG. 3, there are shown two of the user terminals (102.₁,102.₂) and web site (116) with the network navigation collaborativefeature in greater detail, in accordance with another embodiment of thepresent invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, user terminal 102.₁ includes three software functionblocks, namely: collaborative application program 302, web browser 304,and browser synchronizer 206. Symmetrically to user terminal 102.₁, userterminal 102.₂ also includes three software function blocks, namely:collaborative application program 312, web browser 314, and browsersynchronizer 216. Web site 116 includes five software function blocks,namely: web site server 322, browser tracker 323, collaborativecontroller program 324, collaborative database 328, and web browser 329.

Collaborative application program 302 (or 312) is able to able toprovide software interface for the communication between terminal 302(or 312) and other terminals. Collaborative application program 302 (or312) is also able to coordinate the operations among web browser 304,browser synchronizer 306, and browser tracker 308. Collaborativeapplication program 302 (or 312) is further able to provide sessiondefinitions and create session lists.

Web browser 304 (or 314) is able to able to generate web page request toweb sites and displays web pages retrieved.

Browser synchronizer 306 (or 316) is able to perform synchronizationprocess for browser 304 (or 314). Specifically, browser synchronizer 306(or 316) receives synchronization command from collaborative controllerprogram 324 via data network 106, and requests web browser 304 (or 314)to display the synchronized web page.

Web site server 322 is able to process web page requests from webbrowsers in user terminals 102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M).

Browser tracker 323 is able to collect web page location informationfrom all web page requests that have been sent to web site 116 and sendthe page location information to collaborative controller program 324.

Collaborative controller program 324 is able to gather sessiondefinitions and session lists from collaborative applications programsin user terminals 102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M), to gather navigationtracking information from the browser tracker 323 in web site 116, tosend navigation synchronization commands web site location informationfor desired web pages to the browser synchronizers in user terminals102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M), and to pass the session definition andnavigation tracking information into collaborative database 328.

User graphical interface 325 is able to provide an interface between auser and collaborative controller program 324. With user graphicalinterface 325, a user can communicate with collaborative controllerprogram 324 by using display monitor 510, keyboard 524 and mouse 526.

Collaborative database 328 is able to store the session relatedinformation and navigation tracking information.

Web browser 329 is able to directly send web page request to web server322 and displays web pages retrieved, so that monitor 510, mouse 525 andkey board 526 in FIG. 3 can act as a leading terminal or a followingterminal in a session. The advantage of directly connecting a leadingterminal to web site server 322 without using data network 106 is thatthe time delay of displaying web pages between the leading terminal andfollowing terminals can be minimized.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, dotted lines indicate logical communication pathsbetween software function blocks.

Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a hardware block diagram of acomputer system 400, which can be used as a user terminal, such as 102.₁or 102.₂, in accordance with the preset invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, user terminal 102.₁ (or 102.₂) comprises aprocessing unit 402, a memory device 404, a hard disk 406, a disk driveinterface 408, a display monitor 410, a display interface 412, a serialinterface 424, a mouse 425, a keyboard 426, a voice and/or videointerface 428, audio input and output device 430, video input device(such as video camera) 432, a telephony board 433, a networkcommunication interface 434, and a system bus 414.

Hard disk 406 is coupled to disk drive interface 408; display monitor410 is coupled to display interface 412; mouse 425 and keyboard 426 arecoupled to serial interface 424; and audio input and out device 430 andvideo input device 432 are coupled to voice and/or video interface 428.Coupled to system bus 414 are: processing unit 402, memory device 404,disk drive interface 408, display interface 412, serial interface 424,voice and/or video interface 428, telephony board 433, and networkcommunication interface 434.

Memory device 404 is able to store programs (including instructions anddata). Operating together with disk drive interface 408, hard disk 406is also able to store programs. However, memory device 404 has fasteraccess speed than hard disk 406, while hard disk 406 has higher capacitythan memory device 404.

Operating together with display interface 412, display monitor 410 isable to provide visual interface between programs being executed and auser.

Operating together with serial interface 424, mouse 425 and keyboard 426are able to provide inputs to computer system 400.

Operating together with voice and/or video interface 428, voice inputand output device 430 is able to generate, send and receive audiosignals, through network communication interface 434. Video input device432 is able to generate and send video signals through networkcommunication interface 434.

Telephony board 433 is able to provide an interface between telephonenetwork 108 and computer 400. More specifically, telephone board 433allows the telephone communication program resided within collaborativeapplication programs (e.g. 202, 212) to initiate and receive phonecalls.

Network communication interface 434 is able to provide an interfacebetween computer 400 and data network 106. More specifically, allsoftware function blocks as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 get access to datanetwork 106 via network communication interface 434 in compliance withpre-determined network protocols.

Processing unit 402 has access to memory device 404 and hard disk 406,and is able to control operations of user terminal 102.₁ (or 102.₂) byexecuting programs stored in memory device 404 or hard disk 406.Processing unit 402 is also able to control the transmissions ofprograms and data between memory device 404 and hard disk 406.

Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a hardware block diagram of acomputer system 500 for supporting web site server 116, in accordancewith the preset invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, computer system 500 comprises a processing unit 502,a memory device 504, a hard disk 506, a disk drive interface 508, adisplay monitor 510, and display interface 512, a serial interface 524,a mouse 525, a keyboard 526, a network communication interface 534, anda system bus 514.

Hard disk 506 is coupled to disk drive interface 508, display monitor510 is connected to display interface 512, and mouse 525 and keyboard526 are connected to serial interface 524. Coupled to system bus 514are: processing unit 502, memory device 504, disk drive interface 508,display interface 512, serial interface 524, and network communicationinterface 534.

Memory device 504 is able to store programs (including instructions anddata). Operating together with disk drive interface 508, hard disk 506is also able to store programs. However, memory device 504 has fasteraccess speed than hard disk 506, while hard disk 506 has higher capacitythan memory device 504.

Operating together with display interface 512, display monitor 510 isable to provide visual interface between programs being executed and auser.

Operating together with serial interface 524, mouse 525 and keyboard 526are able to provide inputs to computer system 500.

Network communication interface 534 is able to provide an interfacebetween computer 500 and data network 106. More specifically, computer500 gets data network 106 via network communication interface 434 incompliance with pre-determined network protocols.

Processing unit 502, which may include one or more processors, hasaccess to memory device 504 and hard disk 506, and is able to controloperations of computer system 500 by executing programs stored in memorydevice 504 or hard disk 506. Processing unit 502 is also able to controlthe transmissions of programs and data between memory device 504 andhard disk 506.

Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown the steps of performing a web sitecollaborative navigation session by using the embodiment shown in FIG.2, in accordance with the present invention.

In step 604, a session list is created, which includes the name of thesession, the nature (or the objective) of the session, the names of thesession members, the network addresses of the session members, and thename and network address of the leading terminal for this session.

In this example, it is assumed that: user 1 uses collaborativeapplication program 202 in terminal 102.₁ to create a session list,including the names and network addresses of terminals 102.₁ and 102.₂;to join the session, user 2 is using terminal 102.₂ to view the webpages that have been navigated by user 1. It is further assumed that, inthe session list, terminal 102.₁ is indicated as the leading terminal,and terminal 102.₂ as the following terminal, of the session.

In step 606, collaborative application program 202 establishes voicecommunication links, among (or between) session members, by usingtelephony board 433 via telephone network 108, or by using networkcommunication interface 434 via data network 106, so that the users ofthe following terminals can verbally communicate with the user of theleading terminal. In this example, collaborative application program 202establishes voice communication links between terminal 102.₁ and 102.₂.

In step 607, collaborative application program 202 sends the sessionlist to collaborative controller program 224, via data network 106.Collaborative controller program 224 stores the session list intocollaborative database 228.

In step 608, user 1 uses web browser 204 in terminal 102.₁ to navigate anew web page from web site 116, via data network 106, or from any of theconventional web sites (112.₁, 112.₂, . . . , or 112._(N)).

In step 610, web browser 204 informs browser tracker 208 the locationinformation for the new web page. A specific type of web page locationinformation is called URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

In step 612, browser tracker 208 sends the new web page locationinformation to collaborative controller program 224, via data network106. Collaborative controller program 224 stores the new web pagelocation information into collaborative database 228.

In step 614, via data network 106, collaborative controller program 224relays the new web page location information to all browsersynchronizer(s) in the following terminal(s) according to the sessionmember list stored in collaborative database 228. In this example,collaborative controller program 224 relays the new web page locationinformation to browser synchronizer 216.

In step 616, the browser synchronizer(s) in the following terminal(s)updates/update its/their respective web browser(s) with the new web pagelocation information. In this example, browser 216 updates web browser214 with the new web page location information.

In step 618, the web browser(s) in the following terminal(s) loads/loadthe new web page based on the new web page location information. In thisexample, web browser 214 loads the new web page based on the new webpage location information.

In step 620, collaborative controller program 224 determines whether toend the session. If the determination is negative, the operation is ledto step 608 to navigate another new web page. If the determination ispositive, the operation is led to step 622.

In step 622, collaborative controller program 224 informs all followingterminal(s) that the session has been completed. In this example,collaborative controller program 224 informs terminal 102.₂ that thesession has been completed.

Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown the steps of performing a web sitecollaborative navigation session by using the embodiment shown in FIG.3, in accordance with the present invention.

In step 704, a session list is created, which includes the name of thesession, the nature (or the objective) of the session, the names of thesession members, the network addresses of the session members, and thename and network address of the leading terminal for this session.

In this example, it is assumed that: user 1 uses collaborativeapplication program 302 in terminal 102.₁ to create a session list,including the names and network addresses of terminals 102.₁ and 102.₂;to join the session, user 2 is using terminal 102.₂ to view the webpages that have been navigated by user 1. It is further assumed that, inthe session list, terminal 102.₁ is indicated as the leading terminal,and terminal 102.₂ as the following terminal, of the session.

In step 706, collaborative application program 302 establishes voicecommunication links, among (or between) session members, by usingtelephony board 433 via telephone network 108, or by using networkcommunication interface 434 via data network 106, so that the users ofthe following terminals can verbally communicate with the user of theleading terminal. In this example, collaborative application program 302establishes voice communication links between terminal 102.₁ and 102.₂.

In step 707, collaborative application program 302 sends the sessionlist to collaborative controller program 324. Collaborative controllerprogram 324 stores the session list into collaborative database 328.

In step 708, user 1 uses web browser 304 in terminal 102.₁ to send aserver request web site server 322, to request a new web page.

In step 710, browser tracker 323 gathers the new web page locationinformation from the server request, as indicated by line 334. Aspecific type of web page location information is called URL (UniformResource Locator).

In step 712, browser tracker 323 passes the new web page locationinformation to collaborative controller program 324, which then storesit into collaborative database 328.

In step 714, collaborative controller program 224 relays the new webpage location information to all browser synchronizer(s) in thefollowing terminal(s) according to the session member list stored incollaborative database 328. In this example, collaborative controllerprogram 324 relays the new web page location information to browsersynchronizer 316.

In step 716, the browser synchronizer(s) in the following terminal(s)updates/update its/their respective web browser(s) with the new web pagelocation information. In this example, browser 316 updates web browser314 with the new web page location information.

In step 718, the web browser(s) in the following terminal(s) loads/loadthe new web page based on the new web page location information. In thisexample, web browser 314 loads the new web page based on the new webpage location information.

In step 720, collaborative controller program 324 determines whether toend the session. If the determination is negative, the operation is ledto step 708 to navigate another new web page. If the determination ispositive, the operation is led to step 722.

In step 722, via data network 106, collaborative controller program 224informs all following terminal(s) that the session has been completed.In this example, collaborative controller program 324 informs terminal102.₂ that the session has been completed.

Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown the collaborative database (228 or238) in greater detail, in accordance with the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 8, the collaborative database includes group list 802and a plurality of sessions (804.₁, 804.₂, . . . , 804._(K)). Group list802 contains the names and network addresses for the user terminals(102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M)). Each of the sessions contains asession definition, a session list for the session, and leading terminalschedule. A session definition includes the information relating to: thename, the nature (or objective), the time schedule, and other generalinformation, about the session. A session list includes the names andnetwork addresses of the session members (or session terminals). Aleading terminal schedule includes the name(s) and network address(es)of the user terminal(s) that will act as leading terminal(s) for theassociated session. If a number of user terminals will act as leadingterminals in a sequential order, the leading terminal schedule indicatesthe order, according to which the terminals take the responsibility asleading terminals. If two or more terminals will act as leadingterminals according to a specific time schedule, the leading terminalschedule indicates the time period for each of the terminals, in which auser terminal for that time period takes the responsibility as leadingterminals. An administrative personnel can update or edit collaborativedatabase 228 or 328 by using mouse 525 or keyboard 526.

Referring to FIG. 9, there is shown a flowchart illustrating the stepsof registering session members into one or more session lists, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 9, step 904 defines a session (assuming that session 1is defined). There are two methods to define a session. In the firstmethod, a user can use collaborative application program in a userterminal (e.g. 104.₁ or 104.₂) to define the session, and then send thesession definition to collaborative controller program. In a secondmethod, a user can use keyboard 525 and mouse 526 to input a sessiondefinition to the collaborative controller program (224 or 324) via theuser graphical interface (225 or 325). In this example, it is assumedthat the defined is session definition 1 (804.₁)

In step 906, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 sends thesession definition in session 1 to the collaborative applicationprograms in the group of user terminals (102.₁, 102.₂, . . . , 102._(M))based on the network addresses in group list 802. Sent together with thedefinition of session 1 is a prompt to inquire whether any of the userterminals desires to join session 1.

In step 908, upon receiving the definition of session 1, thecollaborative application program in each of the user terminals respondsto the inquiry, and returns the response to indicate whether to joinsession 1.

In step 910, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 receives theresponses from each of the group of user terminals.

In step 912, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 registers theuser terminals that have indicated to join session 1 into the sessionlist in session 1.

In step 914, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 stores thesession list of session 1 into collaborative database 228 or 328.

Referring to FIG. 10, there is shown a flowchart illustrating the stepsof registering session members into one or more session lists, inaccordance with another embodiment of the present invention

As shown in FIG. 10, step 1004 defines one or more sessions. In thisexample, it is assumed that sessions 1-K are defined. There are twomethods to define a session as described in step 904.

In step 1006, the collaborative application program in one of the userterminals, such as any of the user terminals (102.₁, 102.₂, . . . ,102._(M)), sends a session request to collaborative controller program224 or 324.

In step 1008, upon receiving the request, collaborative controllerprogram 224 or 324 sends the definitions for sessions 1-K to the userterminal that has sent the session request. Sent together with each ofthe session definitions is a prompt to inquire whether any of the userterminals desires to join session 1, 2, . . . , or K.

In step 1010, the collaborative application program in the user terminal(that has sent the session request) receives the session definitions,responds to each of the prompts in the session definitions and returnsthe responses to collaborative controller program 224 or 324 to indicateto join which of the sessions.

In step 1012, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 registers theuser terminal into the session list(s) for the respective session(s) towhich the user terminal has indicated to join.

In step 1014, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 stores thesession list(s) that needs/need to update into collaborative database228 or 328.

Referring to FIG. 11, there is shown a flowchart illustrating the stepsof registering session members into one or more session lists, inaccordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 11, step 1104 defines one or more sessions. In thisexample, it is assumed that sessions 1-K are defined. There are twomethods to define a session as described in step 904. Step 1104 alsospecifies the names and network address for each of the respectivesession lists.

In step 1106, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 stores sessiondefinitions, together with their respective session lists intocollaborative database 228 or 328.

Referring to FIG. 12, there is shown a flowchart illustrating the stepsof exchanging information retrieved from web sites among user terminals,in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 12, step 1204 designates a leading terminal among thesession members in a session list (see FIG. 8), and designates the restof the session members in the session list as following terminal(s). Inthis example, it is assumed that user terminal 102.₁ is designated asthe leading terminal.

In step 1206, a user uses web browser 204 or 304 in user terminal 102.₁to navigate web pages.

In step 1208, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 gathers webpages' location information.

In step 1210, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 sends the webpages' location information to the following terminal(s).

In step 1212, the following terminal(s) locates/locate the web pagesbased on the web page location information.

In step 1214, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 determineswhether to end the session. If the determination is led to step 1220 toend the session. If the determination is negative, the operation is ledback to step 1206, to locate new web pages.

In step 1216, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 determineswhether change of the leading terminal status is needed. A number ofevents require to change the leading terminal status within a session.For example, a session can be presented by different people havingdifferent expertise at different user terminals. In this situation, whenthe user at the current leading terminal has completed his/herpresentation, he/she will send a request to end his/her leading status.The session may be presented by several people having differentavailable time schedule at different user terminals. In this situation,collaborative controller program 224 or 234 will periodically check theleading terminal schedule for the associated session. When the time forthe current leading terminal expires, collaborative controller program224 or 234 will find next available leading terminal. Or, during asession, a user at a following terminal may have questions and want tonavigate the web pages in question to the leading terminal. In thissituation, the following terminal will send a request to interact withthe leading terminal. In any of the three situations, a change of theleading terminal status is needed.

In step 1216, if the determination is negative, the operation is led tostep 1206, to locate new web pages without changing the current leadingterminal. If the determination is positive, the operation is led to step1218, to process the change of the leading terminal status. Then, theoperation is led back to step 1206, to locate new web pages.

Referring to FIG. 13, there is shown the specific steps within step1218, in accordance with the present invention.

In step 1304, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 determines thesituation in which the change of the current leading terminal is needed.

As shown in box 1306, there are three situations in which the change ofthe current leading terminal is needed: (1) in response to a requestfrom a following terminal to interact with the current leading terminal,the operation is led to step 1312; (2) in response to a request from thecurrent leading terminal to switch the leading terminal status toanother terminal; and (3) in response to an indication that the time forthe current leading terminal has expired, the operation is led to step1308. The two users at the leading and following terminals can generatea request by click an “request” button on the display monitors at theirrespective terminals.

In step 1308, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 revokes theleading terminal status from the current leading terminal.

In step 1310, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 designates auser terminal as the leading terminal according to the leading terminalschedule associated with the current session in collaborative database224 or 324.

In response to a request from a following terminal as shown in box 1306,in step 1312, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 designates thefollowing terminal that sent the request as a “temporal” leadingterminal.

In step 1314, the following terminal that sent the request navigates theweb pages in question.

In step 1316, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 gathers theweb pages'location information and send it to the leading terminal.

In step 1318, the leading terminal locates the web pages according tothe location information. The users at the leading terminal and thefollowing terminal can orally communicate with each other by using thetelephone sets shown in FIG. 1.

In step 1319, either the leading terminal or the following terminal isable to generate a request to end the interaction.

In step 1320, collaborative controller program 224 or 324 revokes the“temporal” leading terminal status from the following terminal that sentthe request.

In the present invention, the software functions in user terminal 102.₁or 102.₂ are preferably stored in memory 404 or hard disk 406. Thesoftware functions in web site 116 are preferably stored in memory 404or hard disk 406.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in thedrawing and foregoing description, it should be understood that theinvention may be implemented through alternative embodiments within thesprit of the present invention. Thus, the scope of the invention is notintended to be limited to the illustration and description in thisspecification, but is to be defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for exchanging information retrievedfrom a plurality of information repositories among a group of terminals,the method comprising the steps of: (A) designating one of the terminalsas a leading terminal and the other terminals as following terminals,step (A) further including the steps of: (a.1) locating an informationsection in one of said information repositories by said leading terminaldesignated in step (A); (a.2) collecting location information of saidinformation section; (a.3) sending said location information to saidfollowing terminals; and (a.4) locating said information section by saidfollowing terminals based on said location information; (B) receiving arequest, from one of said following terminals, to be a leading terminal;and (C) designating the following terminal that has sent said request asa leading terminal, and re-designating said leading terminal designatedin step (A) as a following terminal, step (C) further including thesteps of: (c.1) locating an information section in one of saidinformation repositories by said leading terminal designated in step(C); (c.2) collecting location information of said information section;(c.3) sending said location information to said following terminals; and(c.4) locating said information section by said following terminalsbased on said location information.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein insaid steps (a.1) or (c.1), said information section is a web page. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein in said step (a.2) or (c.2), locationinformation is an address of said web page.
 4. The method of claim 3,wherein the information repositories are web sites.